Platonic and Knowledge-Definition Claims Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Non-romantic and Knowledge-Definition Claims - Essay Example I don't concur with the information definition guarantee since I think it is conceivable to perceive an idea (like a book) and have no idea about the components of a Socratic meaning of that idea. I am entirely OK with the Platonic case since it depends upon perception and characterization. It characterizes an idea as far as its attributes, and dispenses with those things which don't show similar components. In my case of the table, it is exceptionally simple to watch the essential components of tables. A table will have a level surface whereupon something can be put. It will have a type of a help structure, regardless of whether legs or a post, which hoists the level surface. It is hence simple to apply the Platonic case in trying to characterize a table; if an item has a level surface and an emotionally supportive network, it is a table. Outfitted with the information on these inherent highlights, despite the fact that there are just two in my disentangled model, I can unquestionably recognize tables and recognize them from non-tables. In the event that an item, state a brush, is introduced to me, I can quickly characterize it as far as its table-ness by looking to the article's attributes and applying the Platonic case. A brush doesn't have a level surface bolstered by a steady structure. It might have a level surface, e.g., the sides of the fibers or the highest point of the stage that holds the fibers. It unquestionably has a structure; the handle and fiber official. Yet, it's anything but a table on the grounds that there is definitely not a level surface where something can be set while being bolstered by the structure. Enunciated in Platonic terms, there is the idea of a table (T) that has two highlights; a level surface ready to suit the situation of different things (F1) and a help structure that hoists the surface to a valuable stature (F2). Hence, T=F1+F2. For any article under examination, that specific item can't be a T in the event that it needs F1 and F2. T may include decent variety inside its highlights, similar to a surface that is round or rectangular, as long as the essential component of F1 is met. T can have various instances of a help structure, similar to at least three legs, a focal post with feet, and so on., as long as the fundamental attributes of F2 are met. The article may even have different highlights, similar to drawers or ornamental components, which fall outside of the essential definition given here; yet as long as the components of an item display both F1 and F2, it is a table. The brush, without these highlights is then promptly distinguished as some different option from a table. I don't concur with the information definition guarantee. This case attests that if an individual comprehends what a thing is, they know a Socratic meaning of that thing. While I comprehend the strategy, and accept that it may have valuable relevance in restricted situations, I think it is conceivable to perceive an item without realizing what that object genuinely is. To delineate the qualification I am making, I will utilize another basic item; a book. It is absolutely conceivable to perceive a book without understanding what it is. An individual may realize that an item with a spread and pages of text is a book. They don't need to be proficient to perceive the item as a book, as they

The Hero's Journey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Hero's Journey - Essay Example In simultaneousness with such an announcement, it is demonstrated, â€Å"The Self (or Soul) is so ground-breaking, so resolved to turn out to be completely cognizant, that it consistently frequents and nudges us. We long for its profundity and breadth† (Hartman, MSW and Zimberoff 23). The heroes’ inward excursion includes the means of arrangement, responsibility to change lastly the authority of the issue. The excursion tests for dread and the capacity to adjust quick trying to open the secret (c-How Woods, ND). â€Å"Ego, True Self and the Soul† The emblematic stages in the excursion direct into seeing a worldview of reality in a person’s character. The mental and passionate excursion utilizes legendary winged serpents to test a person’s character, choices and activities. The characters encounters are useful to test and fortify their personality (Stech 28). The saints meet the emblematic guides to offer them guidance, preparing and persuasive endow ments to distance fears and construct quality. The two stories are representative of a profound excursion to accomplishing self-realization. The individual who finds the cherished ark must have an inward swagger. It includes the means attempted to stand up to one’s feelings of trepidation to accomplish extreme accomplishment. In the excursion, their self image, quality, resilience and capacity to adjust are stressed. In the two excursions, representative encapsulations reinforce the personas internal will. â€Å"Confronting the Guardians† The watchmen are likewise the guardians. They appear as monsters whose job is to test the quality of the legends so as to set them up for the excursion. â€Å"They test the quality and resolve of the saint thusly test his devotion, stronghold and stamina† (Hartman, MSW and Zimberoff 26). They are scary and forceful creatures with extraordinary understanding. Truly, they depict the difficulties experienced, all things considered , and the convenience of character in defeating them. The saints must go up against the gatekeepers to test their character and energy. The watchmen magically permit the saints to share the excursion. They uncover the internal feelings of trepidation of death, shortcoming, mental laxity and eagerness intrinsic in the individuals. The saints must test the mythical serpents by battling them, acclimatize them or surrender to them (Stech 51). A comparative battle is knowledgeable about the ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark’. The characters must sidestep the various battles experienced during the pursuit for the ark. They should go up against the Nazi fighters additionally seeking after the ark. In addition, in their interest for the fortune they adventure into bizarre regions and even experience hooligans in Egypt, wild creatures and hold tight a quick moving vehicle. â€Å"Becoming Your Authentic Self-Generating New Visions† Self-completion involves planning to test ones abi lities and planning on the data sources required to fortifies the internal soul. The story utilizes folklore to clarify the courageous excursions crucial for self-confirming. The personas are tried for genuineness in self-creating capacity that assists with producing new experiences and reinforce their capacity for novel adventures. Every saint finds that it is an individual excursion that they show their quality and increase ability to achieve more prominent difficulties. The film covers the excursion of Indiana Jones as he navigates the nation looking for a mystery substance held in an ark (Stech 21). A fantasy follows that the mystery ark holds extraordinary forces valuable to the individual who gets to it. To create new ins

5th Grade Argumentative Essay Samples

5th Grade Argumentative Essay SamplesThe most difficult part of writing a debate and argumentative essay is the opening statement, but there are a few simple ways to help you get started. In this article I will give you five different argumentative essay samples that you can use to get your essay up and running.This is the first section of the essay, where you will introduce yourself and explain what the topic of the essay is. Most people use the opening sentence of their introduction to provide a summary of their main points. The sample argumentative essay sample that I used here, provides a summary of what led to the decision to write this paper.In this introductory paragraph you will demonstrate your writing skills as an author. If you can write a decent introduction, you should be able to write a good argument. Be sure to follow this example closely. You will be doing much of the same thing when you write your argumentative essay.The second paragraph is your summary of your backg round and your major points. In this section you will basically tell readers about your interests and then show them how your background impacts on those interests. You will probably want to save the quotes for the end. Then you will discuss how your chosen topic influences your choices.The third paragraph is where you demonstrate you can write a persuasive argument. It is important to have a good writer's voice in this section because it will apply to all of your argumentative essays.The fourth paragraph is about using the writer's voice. Try to find places where you can improve your writing skills by applying them to this paragraph. If you have a problem with tone, there are two simple things you can do to address it.The last paragraph is the conclusion. You will prove to the reader that your arguments are supported by facts and statistics. This final paragraph is critical for any argumentative essay.The best way to improve your essay is to read it over, look at it several times, and make notes as you read. By doing so you will be able to come up with ideas and put them to use the next time you are reading something. Use the examples I gave you in the fifth paragraph and you will start to see a difference.

The Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation - 872 Words

Human overpopulation. Human population can be defined as the condition whereby, the total count of the human inhabiting a certain area exceeds the carrying capacity of the area Bongaarts, (2011). This brings out an issue of the carrying capacity of the region which alludes to the number of individuals who can inhabit a certain area for a given period. It may also be looked at as the situation whereby the available renewable resources in a certain area can satisfactorily support the current population. This, therefore, means that overpopulation may also mean a situation under which, the needs of the current population from the environment is more than the available renewable resources. Therefore, they cannot satisfactorily support the population. This viewpoint is in most cases considered as a long-term approach to, looking at this issue. Causes of Overpopulation Apparently overpopulation is one of the major environmental issues that affects the globe. Citing the report that was conducted by the American census indicated that human overpopulation is most predicted shortly. The current world population stands at 7 billion people; a projection was made by the same organizations that around 2050, the world population will be at around 10 billion which by then, will cite an overpopulation around the globe. Therefore, overpopulation is a major issue that is expected to face the world. This calls for serious actions by the human race to prevent this instance from happening. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation1102 Words   |  5 PagesIreland in the 1720’s, poverty and overpopulation were at a problematic rate. Many of the people who lived in England were exiled to Ireland. Many of these Englishmen felt mistreated and wronged. Ireland was a colony to England. The people of England had more money and power th an the people of Ireland because England controlled Ireland. Johnathon Swift, a satirical writer, wrote â€Å"A Modest Proposal† to show the flaws of the current solutions to the overpopulation and poverty crisis in Ireland. He wantedRead MoreOverpopulation : The Problem Of Overpopulation1251 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation: The Top Worry Yet to be Proven by the Worried The definition of hysteria is an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion, usually found within groups of people. An example of hysteria includes overpopulation, the futuristic â€Å"problem† that is not and will not be a dilemma in the foreseeable future. Back in 15,000 B.C., the world population was five million. Today, it is a staggering seven billion plus. This has caused unease that overpopulation will be a problem for our future generationsRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Problem Of Overpopulation1529 Words   |  7 Pagesthe whole humankind. Overpopulation is a problem that every nation is facing but sometimes over looked by due to lack of understanding and awareness. This is a serious issue that should be taken care of immediately. Overpopulation is an undesirable situation where the number of existing human populace surpasses the carrying capability of Earth. There are main factors that are contributing overpopulation such as the rising birth rate and declining of mortality rate. Overpopulation occurs when the birthRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1388 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin with, in demography, the term overpopulation refers to a condition wherein the total population of a particular region far exceeds the carrying capacity of the region. Although the term by and large refers to the ratio between population and the available area, the ratio between the population and available resources cannot be ignored. First, the rate at which the population is growing; the data compiled by the United Nations shows that the world population grew by 30 percent betweenRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1747 Words   |  7 PagesOverpopulation Programs There are many organizations that deal with the problem of overpopulation or problems related to the effects of overpopulation such as environmental effects. Some of the organizations that I found related to this topic are the United Nations Population Fund, a group called Population Matters, another group called the World Population Balance and the Center for Biological Diversity. All of these groups deal with the issue of overpopulation and the effects that overpopulationRead MoreOverpopulation a Problem?1464 Words   |  6 PagesIs Overpopulation a Serious Problem? This question seems to be question that is asked quite frequently lately. In the last two centuries, population has skyrocketed. In 1800 the world population was only at 1 billion, and today its estimated that the world population exceeds six billion people. With overpopulation, many problems have arisen. Some believe that overpopulation is the reason for world hunger, global population will reach crisis proportions by 2050, and some believe that overpopulationRead MoreOverpopulation : The Convoluted Problems Of Overpopulation896 Words   |  4 PagesOverpopulation The convoluted problems concerning overpopulation remain to be a highly discussed issue in various countries throughout the world. Some issues that are in support of overpopulation include the opportunity to place innovative ideas into action, aids in stimulating the economy, creates job openings in new growing industries, increased human resources, encourages competition, advancement in urbanization and development, creates a demand for industries like farming, and allows for cheaperRead MoreOverpopulation Is Not The Problem1395 Words   |  6 Pages Overpopulation Overpopulation is a prominent controversial topic among society, in which some believe the exponential growth of humanity is detrimental to its future, whereas others conclude this theory is a myth due to human nature and resources. In Isaac Asimov’s, â€Å"The Case Against Man†, he elucidated the verity of overpopulation, emphasizing that the disproportion of earth’s carrying capacity and its resources will inevitably lead to humanity’s demise. Introducing the notion thatRead MoreThe Problem Of The Overpopulation Problem1122 Words   |  5 PagesPerhaps one solution for the overpopulation problem is to provide all children, who have reached puberty with Reproductive Education License of Four (REL4). REL4 is a two-step solution program that will provide education and contraception, which will decrease the population growth. Jennifer Weeks (2015) article, â€Å"Global Population Growth,† discusses the number of women without access to birth contro l. Research conducted by a nonprofit organization showed nearly 225 million women globally, includingRead MoreOverpopulation Is Still The Problem1201 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article Overpopulation Is Still the Problem, Alon Tal (2013) claims that overpopulation remains the number one problem facing the world today and discusses various problems and possible solutions. Tal unveils the falsely assuring news stories refuting overpopulation as a problem. He particularly dissects Ellis Erle’s assertions, in the New York Times, concerning China’s seemingly magical works of technology. Erle comes to the conclusion that China’s amazing technology has and will always be

Expository Essay Topics for Everyone

Before you choose what topic your expository essay should be written on, you should understand what kind of essay this is and in what ways it is different from other similar essays subtypes. Expository essays are often mixed with research and argumentative essays, which can hardly be considered justified. The matter is, in an expository essay you are not supposed to persuade your reader that this or that point of view is correct, you have explain what something is, give the reader understanding of the topic in question. That is why when you choose expository essay topics you are going to write on, if you are given such freedom, it would be better for you to choose something you are familiar with, so that you don’t have to do any extra research. How to Write an Expository Essay on Michael Jordan In order for you to understand how to write expository essays, let’s discuss it using Michael Jordan as an example of a topic you may choose. What should you do? First of all, gather all the facts you know about the topic in question and see if it is necessary to do any additional research. Then try to narrow the topic down a little bit, because you cannot tell everything about Michael Jordan in a small essay – such a well-known person can be viewed upon from many different points of view, and his entire life cannot be retold in a couple of pages. So, try to make your essay on Michael Jordan a little bit more specific – for example, concentrate your attention on his younger years, or a particular episode of his sports career (for example, his short-lived baseball career or his participation in the Olympics), or his relationships with his family. The Peculiarities of Writing an Expository Essay When you have to deal with an expository essay, you have to keep in mind several principles which you should apply to your work. First of all, your essay should have a very clearly defined structure: mention your thesis in the first, introductory, paragraph, deal with the topic in the body paragraphs and write a conclusion. Make sure all parts of your essay are logically interconnected: the body follows the thesis, and the conclusion is clearly based on the body. If something doesn’t add up, it would be considered to be a serious flaw. Writing an expository essay is supposed to teach you how to collect, analyze and use information, and if the end result shows that you haven’t done it properly, you are unlikely to get a high grade. Finally, pay attention to the conclusion – a lot of people seem to think that it is enough to repeat the statement made in introduction. It is, however, not true – you should return to your initial statement while taking into acc ount the new information you have mentioned in the body of your essay. If you haven’t uncovered anything new during your research, what exposition can you talk about?

The Black Renaissance And The Great Depression - 971 Words

Throughout history African Americans have not had it easy. Blacks in America have had a long struggle to gain equality and freedom, which still exists to this day. The years 1917 to 1945 were particularly tough for African Americans. Racial discrimination was at a high and segregation laws enforced the idea that blacks were inferior to the whites. African Americans desired to escape the unfair treatment and obtain equal rights, but found themselves stuck. The two World Wars drew African Americans North in search of jobs in the war industry, only to find once they arrived more discrimination and inequality. Events such as the ‘Black Renaissance’ and the Great Depression created a sense of black pride and confidence in African Americans. Together, the African Americans’ frustration towards discrimination and their new sense of solidarity would be the basis for the Civil Rights movement to come in following years. During the early 1900s, most African Americans lived and worked in the South and faced discrimination and racial violence. In April of 1917, the United States entered World War I. Nearly 370,000 African-Americans join the armed forces, with the belief that their display of heroism would make it impossible for whites to continue treating them poorly. It turned out that black soldiers fighting in the war, had no impact on the attitudes of the whites. Upon arriving home from the war, the African American soldiers had a change in attitude. They were now motivated moreShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreEssay on The Harlem Renaissance1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance refers to a prolific period of unique works of African-American expression from about the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. Although it is most commonly associated with the literary works produced during those years, the Harlem Renaissance was much more than a literary movement; similarly, it was not simply a reaction against and criticism of racism. The Harlem Renaissance inspired, cultivated, and, most importantly, legitimatedRead MoreRichard Wright And The Harlem Renaissance752 Words   |  4 PagesHarlem Renaissance that took place in 1920’s. The Harlem Renaissance represented the rebirth of African American culture and showed the unaddressed problems among the black community. During that time, Richard Wright made a name for himself, writing books based on the racism that the black community faced and communism like Black Boy and Native Son. The Harlem Renaissance was a direct influence on Wrights work because he wrote ab out what was going on at that time. More specifically, Black Boy wasRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance850 Words   |  4 Pages Giselle Villanueva History IB Mr. Flores February 7, 2016 Period 4 Word Count: 693 Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was the first period in the history of the United States in which a group of black poets, authors, and essayist seized the opportunity to express themselves. The Great Migration was the movement of six million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North during 1916 to 1970. Driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationistRead MoreThe New Negro Movement, By Zora Neale Hurston1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a time of cultural endeavors of intellectual and artistic African American leaders during the 1920s. It was a manifestation of embracing poetry, literature, music, art, film, fashion and all things synonymous with creativity. It begun during the end of World War 1, in a relatively small section in New York City and ended during the aftermath of The Great Depression. This was by far one of the most influential movements in African American culture. African Americans tookRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Brought A Great Amount Of Value1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance brought a great amount of value to the African American group. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature changed. During this time writer Langston Hughes shined out with amazing works. The harlem reneisance made It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It has many names other than Harlem Renaissance, such as, the Black Literary Renaissance, or the New Negro Movement. Many famous people began their writing or gained their recognition during thisRead MoreEssay about The Harlem Renaissance1582 Words   |  7 Pages1930’s, the Harlem Renaissance was an important movement for African-Americans all across America. This movement allowed the black culture to be heard and accepted by white citizens. The movement was expressed through art, music, and literature. These things were also the most known, and remembered things of the renaissance. Also t his movement, because of some very strong, moving and inspiring people changed political views for African-Americans. Compared to before, The Harlem Renaissance had major effectsRead More Langston Hughes And The Harlem Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pages The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African-American culture. Many famous people began their writing or gained their recognition during this time. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920’s and 1930’s. Many things came about during the Harlem Renaissance; things such as jazz and blues, poetry, dance, and musical theater. The African-American way of life became the â€Å"thing.† Many white people came to discover this newest art, dancingRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance In Harlem between the 1920’s and 1930’s the African American culture flourished, especially in areas such as music, art, literature, dance, and even in film. This soon became known as the Harlem Renaissance. With the entire positive and the negative situations of this time period the African Americans still seemed to have it all. The Harlem Renaissance came about because of the changes that had taken place in the African American community after the abolition of slaveryRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1033 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1920, there was a new movement beginning called the Harlem Renaissance. After World War I, many blacks migrated from the south to up to the north to places like Chicago, Detroit and New York. The people in Harlem felt the racial pride and this caught the attention of many musicians, writers, and artist. The Harlem Renaissance period lasted from 1920 to around 1935. Even though this period was short, it still lives on thou gh all African American artists today. According to Biography.com in the

Current Trends in Reliability and Safety †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Current Trends in Reliability and Safety. Answer: Introduction: Safety is defined as a state where individuals are away or free of hurt, injury, hazard, loss or any undesirable outcomes. In engineering profession, machine safety is an important aspect. The machines are designed to meet specific levels of safety measures and ensure that the operators and engineering workers safety is maintained (Accredited Standards Committee, Safety in Welding and Cutting, American Welding Society, 2012). In addition, the safety measures are able to ensure that productivity through the use of the machines is achieved. For any engineering machines, injuries must be reduced, be made to comply with the specific guidelines and enhance their productivity through keeping their safety measures. This paper will analyze the different aspects of welding machine safety. Protective clothing is one of the important aspect of enhance the safety measures when working with engineering machines. The PPEs, when working with welding machine includes wearing clothing such as safety glasses, ear plugs, wearing face shield, closed-toed shoes, gloves and even non-inflammable long sleeve shirt. Since the safety measures are directly related to the machine operators, safety measures on individuals are key (Chandrasekaran, 2016). That is the main reason beyond proper PPE for the operators of the welding machines to protect them from harm and injuries. The protective gears ensure that operators are well protected and safety is enhanced. Safety in engineering is connected with the right use of the machines. The right use of machines is related to the ability of the operators to understand the use of the machines and their knowledge in operating them. Communication and training of the operators is key to ensure that the safety measures are adhered to (Kumar et al., 2016). The operators must be aware of the welding machines and the way to operate them. Training programs for safe working environment must be done to the workers and the operators. Safeguarding methods for the welding machines is crucial to ensure safety is attained. The safeguarding methods include any physical arrangements which are done to achieve that safety in the working environment. Proper holding of the welding machine and positioning it while under use are some of the safeguarding measures which can be employed on the usage of welding machine. Proper covering of the welding machine is another way to ensure that the safety of the operators is achieved (Timings, 2008). Lastly, arrangement on the minimum distance which other personnel can keep when the welding machine is being used will ensure that the safety of surrounding people is attained. OSHA regulations are able to offer proper machine safeguarding methods for any machine. Creation of potential checklists for the accident areas in the welding area environment is key to ensure that safety if achieved. Proper checklist on the way accidents may occur on welding machine and its usage is the best way to prevent accidents. The checklist will be able to create proper preventive mechanisms and ensure that accidents do not happen (STAPELBERG, 2016). Highlighting the areas where the accidents can occur when using the welding machine will ensure that errors are prevented which can trigger the accidents. The preventive mechanism is regarded as the best safety mechanism in any working place. Environmental risk analysis is another important aspect of enhancing the safety when working with the welding machines. Hazardous energy programs are used to ensure that they perform task analysis and the potential risks associated with the welding activities. The risk analysis in the welding environment will ensure that welding machine operators and those around are safe (Lucic, 2015). This will involve the distances other people can keep away from the welding machine and general arrangement and connections to ensure that the machine is operating safely. Proper demarcation of the area will ensure that people are able to understand the safety measures. Lastly, proper design of the welding machine with proper tools will ensure safe working with the machines. On and off buttons should be well placed and marked to ensure that the operators will be able to understand the machines (Ahmed, 2005). The design steps of the machines should be able to exhibit the safety measures. The designers priority should be safety for the end users of the machines. In conclusion, safety is the priority in any engineering activity. The safety measures starts from the design of the machines to the users and machines operators. The working environment should be enhanced to comply with the OSHA regulations. In addition, the operators need to be equipped with safety knowledge and have protection gears while working. For the welding machine, there are specific PPE which the operators are required to wear while working. All these aspects are guided in ensuring safety of the operators and those around is kept. References Accredited Standards Committee Z49, Safety in Welding and Cutting., American Welding Society. (2012). Safety in welding, cutting, and allied processes. Miami, Fla: American Welding Society. Ahmed, N. (2005). New developments in advanced welding. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Chandrasekaran, S. (2016). Health, safety, and environmental management in offshore and petroleum engineering. Kumar, U., Ahmadi, A., Verma, A. K., Varde, P. (2016). Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety: An Industry Perspective. Lucic, I. (2015). Risk and safety in engineering processes. STAPELBERG, R. U. D. O. L. P. H. F. R. E. D. E. R. I. C. K. (2016). HANDBOOK OF RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY AND SAFETY IN ENGINEERING DESIGN. S.l.: SPRINGER. Timings, R. L. (2008). Fabrication and welding engineering. Oxford: Newnes.