The Way We Never Were Essays - The Adventures Of Ozzie And Harriet

The Way We Never Were Leave it to Beaver and Ozzie and Harriet: American Families in the 1950s I. The Ozzie and Harriet Family A. Conservatives say that families like the Nelsons are making a comeback and want to make public policy to protect traditional families and return 1950's definition of family. B. Liberals claim that fewer than 10% of all families meet this definition and believe that if they can prove this is on an irreversible slide toward extinction that they cannot justify introduce any new family policy. C. Both sides assume that if the 1950s family existed today we would not have our contemporary social dilemmas. D. The 1950s at first glance were a pro-family period. Many working class families moved into the suburbs and achieved the American Dream of a house and a car. Divorce and illegitimacy rates were half what they are today and the marriages were almost universally praised. Family and marriage were thought to be the center of life. II. The Novelty of the 1950s Family A. Families of the 1950s began marrying younger and bore children younger compared to previous generations. B. The nuclear family was a new concept. The Great Depression and Second World War had reinforced extended family ties but this was plagued with generational conflict. C. These new family trends for the first time in our history crossed all race and class boundaries. D. The growing tendency for women was to find, housework a medium of expression for...[their] feminity and individuality. Consumer spending increased and women especially purchased more household appliances. E. Hollywood and the media helped to reinforce these new values. III. 1950s Poverty, Diversity, and Social Change A. 25% of American Families were poor, and much of this included the elderly. This poverty was made worse because of the absence of social welfare problems. B. African Americans migrated from the south to the north. By 1960 a majority of all blacks lived in the north in urban areas as compared to the previous rural southern living. C. Mexicans and Puerto Ricans immigrated in large numbers after the war. Many moved to the north to such cities as Chicago and New York. D. The media didn't represent minorities on TV and they faced general oppression. IV. Repression, Anxiety, Unhappiness, and Conflict A. Women who were the backbone of the war effort were forced out of their jobs at the end of the war. Women who didn't want to give up the earning power and independence they had achieved were fired or demoted by management. B. The media condemned women as unnatural if they didn't fit the stereotypical housewife role. C. Electric shock treatment was even used to make sure women were housewives who obeyed their husband. D. Men who didn't marry were seen as deviants. E. The FBI investigated and persecuted those who did not fit the norm. F. Many people hid behind happy family lives to hide loveless marriages, homosexuality, and anti establishment views. G. The troubles of home life such as alcoholism, abuse, and rape were hidden to the outside world. V. Contradictions of the 1950s Family Boom A. Advertisers first started to target young adults and began to use sex to sell their products. B. Women began to work in great numbers for the first time for disposable income. C. Many of these women had their children early 20's so after the kids were in school they could get a job. VI. Teen Pregnancy A. Despite the myth of sexual purity, teen pregnancy was bad in the 1950's. Nearly twice as many 15-19 year olds in 1957 had children compared to 1983. B. Census codes in the 1950's made it impossible to identify an unmarried mother if she lived with her parents. Illegitimacy was also disguised by having unmarried mothers putting their children up for adoption. C. Young unmarried mothers were also encouraged to get married when they became pregnant. D. The burden of sexual purity was put onto the women and they where expected to go into marriage as virgins. VII. Women in Traditional Families A. When commentators lament the fall of traditional family values they often refer to women's changing genders roles such as being a mother and breadwinner.

Comparison Between Novel And Film Version Of Lord Of The Flies Essays

Comparison Between Novel And Film Version Of Lord Of The Flies Essays Comparison Between Novel and Film Version of "Lord of the Flies" Raja Kundu Many novels are so successful that producers can't wait to adapt the story into a film. The majority of times, however, the original novel is much stronger than the movie because it is able to capture the emotions of each character, all the symbols and meaningful events. Due to the novel's flexibility, readers are able to extend the use of their imagination. Similarly, this was the case with William Golding's masterpiece, "The Lord of the Flies." Overall, the novel is far superior to the film because it has thorough descriptions of a character's feelings and depictions of symbolic meaning concerning the objects and important happenings. First of all, the movie version of the classic, "The Lord of the Flies," seems to be lacking in detail involving the characters. Mainly due to the limited length of the movie, a character's role and his feeling are non existent. In the novel, readers can clearly notice how Piggy feels and that he is being treated as an "Outsider" but, in the film version it restricts the audience's comprehension of Piggy's emotions. Similarly, other characters such as Simon and Roger are so unclear in the movie that they may puzzle viewers because the movie fails to distinguish their role. The cinema is unsuccessful in establishing Simon as a "Christ" figure and Roger's murderous nature. On the other hand, the novel installs all these ideas and allows the reader to use their creativity. Therefore, due to the film's inability to give audiences more information about the characters, their role and their emotions, the novel is much more informative. Secondly, the novel is capable of giving readers more insight into the story with the use of symbols and hidden meanings. The novel is able to do this because it depicts important underlying messages and critical incidents. For instance, Piggy's glasses represent civilization, reality and reason but once they are destroyed it demonstrates that the boys aren't finding reason in their actions and civilization is becoming a thing of the past. Another meaningful symbol is the dead parachutist because this suggests that some of the boys have evil within themselves and those boys are gradually becoming the "Beast." The boys are steadily turning devilish and savage like but they don't realize the consequences of their actions. One particular event which plays a significant role in the novel is Simon's death. Simon's annihilation implies that the boys have tipped the boundaries of civilization to such an extent that they can no longer recognize each other and they are killing viciously, like savages. In the novel, all these symbols and events assist in the developing of the plot but in the film version they are all very vague and leaves more to be desired. In conclusion, details involving the characters and meanings related to objects and events are the decisive factors which make the novel considerably better than the film. In addition, leaving out several aspects of the novel also limits the viewer's appreciation for the story. As long as novels continue to flourish, producers and directors will proceed to make them into movies but they should include essential elements of the story so, they too, can be successful. No wonder the novel generated more interest than the film!

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 289

Assignment Example However, technological innovation is analyzed as a changing network of agents interacting in an industrial area and in an institutional infrastructure involved in generating, diffusing and utilizing technology. Technology innovation is the process that that brings improved and developed technologies widespread. The reason of technological innovation is to analyze and later develop a particular technology field in structures and processes that support it. The components of technological innovations are called structures. These are representations of the static aspect of the system as it stabilizes over time. They consist of technical infrastructures and artifacts where they are integrated. They also involve the techno-economic that includes the costs, reliability and safety. However, the designing of a cost- effective technological innovation has become quite a challenge as the world has become more interconnected (Graetz, 2013).There are two things that are clearly uncontested by economists. The first thing is the importance of technological innovations in relation to the economic growth. In 1957, Robert Slow demonstrated how significant economic growth per hour of work in the United State s in 1909 and 1949 could be attributed to the advances in technology (Graetz, 2013). Development of intellectual property (IP) is an essential element to national wealth building. Therefore, the government supports the advances in technology in the form of IP legal protection, providing loans and grants and guarantees to both the profit and no-profit making organization research institutions. In addition, they tax benefits for research and development for the innovations. In cases of a closed economy, the citizens and the residents will reap the reward to direct their taxes to spur. Studies have addressed the effects of increased research and development on employment pattern and

Variable Air Volume (VAV) System to achieve better Indoor Dissertation

Variable Air Volume (VAV) System to achieve better Indoor Environmental Quality for a commercial Building & energy saving - Dissertation Example The main reason for these functions like heating, ventilation, cooling, and air-conditioning is to make occupants of rooms comfortable (Awbi, 2003). VAV system is one of the HVAC applications and its main purpose is to reduce energy cost as well as maintenance cost. The use of VAV process contains two main components and the components are the room and the VAV damper. The main VAV air handling system is the embedded HVAC system which most of the times are invisible. It is this system that is responsible for delivery of conditioned air to the whole building or structure. The use of this type of system has two merits and the merits are based on the constant volume that is found within the system. This system has the fan control capacity unlike other systems like CAV and the fan control capacity enhances reduction of the used amount of energy. CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Variable Air Volume also commonly known as (VAV) system is a kind of ventilation, heating, and air-conditioning devi ces that use a supply duct of fresh air and gives out hot or cool air as the supply air. The air which is being supplied to this device most of the time has constant temperature and therefore, the resultant airflow always varies for the achievement of the fall and rise of the losses or gains characterized with thermal zone. Most of the VAV systems have two primary merits and the merits are due to the constant volume within the system. The system has a fan control capacity which is capable of reducing the amount of energy consumed through the fan. This energy which is used by the fans forms the total energy cooling requirements which are beneficial to the building (Etheridge & Sandberg, 1996). The Variable Air Volume system has a lot of dehumidification compared to the constant volume system because the constant volume system is capable of modulating the temperature of the discharge air. The attainment of the temperature for the discharged air constitutes the cooling load of the whol e system. Within this system the blowing rate for the air is greatly varied and in the case of Variable Air Volume with a single handler for air, the serving for various multiple zones can be achieved. The flow rate associated with each multiple zone when only one handler is operational is always varied. The Variable Air system has a terminal unit and this terminal unit acts as a VAV box which controls the air flow rate for the different zones. This box operates automatically with the help of the actuator. There is a direct connection between the central or local control systems with the VAV box and the control system at times is pneumatically controlled. The use of Variable Air Volume (VAV) for many years has been able to provide quality indoor air thereby improving the quality of the surrounding environment. The quality of the surrounding air greatly affects the general environmental quality and therefore, the use of this system has been preferred in many buildings that belong to private individuals as well as companies. A lot of health benefits are attributed to indoor air quality since low quality air contains microbes that are capable of affecting the occupants of the buildings (Chadderton, 2004). A lot of prevalence has been given to the VAV system compared to CV system and this prevalence is

Anti Gun-Control Essay Example for Free

Anti Gun-Control Essay Generally speaking, gun control is recognized as the effort to restrict or limit the production, shipment and ownership of certain guns. Over time, the issue of gun ownership has become a staple of controversy and one of the most hotly contested social issues facing Americans. More often than not, where one falls on gun control depends largely on their political affiliation, their moral standards and their past experiences with firearms. According to some estimates, approximately 80 million homes in the U.  S. own 223 million guns. As is the case with most issues, gun control comes with a list of pros and cons. The people who staunchly support gun control believe their argument would protect society and save lives, while those opposing gun control believe the opposite. Here are some of the most well-known arguments against gun control: Potential for more crime – It’s long been suggested that having a gun allows would-be victims to protect themselves against crimes. Proponents of gun control often point to crime statistics as a sign that gun control would be a positive for society. However, people against gun control firmly believe that by having a gun, people could prevent many of those crimes from happening in the first place. Second amendment – The second amendment from The Bill of Rights grants private citizens the right to bear arms. Thus, people who stand firmly against gun control insist that no legislation, technically, should have the right to take away a citizens guns without first repealing the amendment in question. Bad history – History appears to support the pro-gun crowd. Throughout various political regimes, the one constant of a tyrannical government has been the disarming of citizens. Thomas Jefferson once famously said: â€Å"No man shall ever be debarred the use of arms. The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against the tyranny in government. †

Risks In Bandra Worli Sea Link Project

Risks In Bandra Worli Sea Link Project The Movement of Vehicles in Mumbai city and the Bandra-Worli Sea link project are like disease and anti dote. It is the perfect solution for the sites endless Movement of Vehicles issue. The native rail network provides better tracks, AC coaches and transports million of travellers. The non-rail components have new roads, over bridges, subways, and signal system. The Bandra-Worli Sea Link will only add to the existing issues. Mumbai city is among the five most polluted cities of the world. The Municipal report insists that to reduce the air pollution in Mumbai city it is essential to promote public transport viz. Rail network and Bus service. Many projects were suggested since 50s for smooth Movement of Vehicles in Mumbai city. The project in question was opposed, strongly by fisher men and other alert natives constantly. However the CRRI mentioned that these corridors should be implemented only after detailed native research and the Execution of these projects should be started only after the research say it is ok to go ahead. MUMBAI URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT-I was planned around 1984. There was a heated brain storming session in the Assembly and the Maharashtra Govt. appointed a high level team called the K. G. Paranjape Team to give a list in priority of solutions to Mumbai citys Movement of Vehicles issues. The Team submitted its consolidated Report which had certain projects listed in a priority list. Kirloskar Consultants and the Operation Research Group made a thorough research of Movement of Vehicles conditions and submitted their reports in July 1994. This report has rejected the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project and the West Island Freeway saying that it will attract more and more Movement of Vehicles towards South Mumbai city and the congestion will only get worse in many areas. The report has warned that if the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project is implemented it will lead to more congestion and as a consequence more pollution and therefore affecting the health of Mumbai citys natives. The V.M. Lal Team has also suggested restricting automobile Movement of Vehicles entering the island Site at Sion and Mahim. As per the newspapers it is clear that the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project has no scientific basis. It is disastrous to let the personalised vehicles occupy more space and roads, as it will be harmful to everyone including the users of private vehicle. Constitutional Legitimacy of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project The project is supposed to be based on a research made by the Central Water and Power Research Institute, Pune. The research is based on a hydraulic model and not on the actual sea is studied. It is imperative to note that the Indian Ecological Protection Act came into effect in 1986 and the CRZ Notice in February 1991. In 1994 the Notice which made it compulsory to make an Ecological Effect Analysis came into force and in the Notice requiring a public hearing also came into force. Obviously these legal requirements were not fulfilled. The Ecological Clearance cannot be given without doing prior research and observing all the steps of procedure. Even then on 7th January, 199 the clearance was given. The important clauses of this clearance were also violated. This attitude shows that there is no respect for Constitutional clauses. In addition to this the site location of the proposed toll plaza has been changed after obtaining Ecological clearance. Illegality of the Project Rules for Ecological Compliance in India Almost every Progressive activity has some negative Effect on the nature. The Effect, however, differs according to the nature of activity. Thus, whereas setting up an industrial unit can have serious Effect on the water and air quality besides affecting the flora and fauna of the area, a highway project can dramatically push up the noise and pollution level of the surrounding areas. It is with the purpose of containing the potential negative Effects of a development projects that the Nature Effect Analysis is done. Thus, it can be stated that Ecological Effect Analysis is one of the tools available to planners to minimize and contain harmful effects of the development activity on the nature. The objective is to foresee and address potential Ecological issues/concerns at an early stage of project planning and layout. This is a decision-making tool to ensure that finite natural resources are utilised within the carrying capacity of the eco-system to avoid its collapse. It is desirable to ensure that the development options under consideration are sustainable. In doing so, Ecological consequences must be characterized early in the project cycle and accounted for in the project layout. It integrates the Ecological concerns in Progressive activities right at the time of initiating the project when preparing the feasibility report; It can often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project layout. Prior to January 1994, in India was carried out under administrative leadlines which required the project proponents of major irrigation projects, water body valley project, power stations, ports and harbours etc., to secure a clearance from the Ministry of Nature and Forest, Govt. if India. The Ecological appraised team of the Ministry carried out the Ecological appraised. In January 1994, the Govt. of India notified the Nature Effect Notice under rule 5 of Nature Protection) Rule, 1986 and 29 designated projects. The Notice made it obligatory for the 29 designated projects to prepare and submit an, and Nature Management Plan (EMP) and a Project Report to an Effect Analysis Agency for clearance. The Ministry of Nature and Forests, Govt. of Indian was designated the Effect Analysis Agency. What went wrong with Project Location? The site selection is always an effective approach in mitigation of risk. Sea link project locations should be reviewed based upon various regulatory and non regulatory criteria. Project siting restrictions depend on the reception of the surrounding nature. Sensitivity should be assessed in relation to proximity of the project to the sites/sites listed in the identified ecologically sensitive zones (ESZ) notified by MoEF. The siting criteria delineated by MoEF include: As far as possible, land retained for agricultural purposes should not be converted into an industrial site. Acquired land must have a green belt area as per regulatory norms. Sufficient space and arrangements must be made for storing and disposing solid waste. The design of the project must confirm to the landscape pattern of the area without unduly affecting the scenic beauties of that site. Respective town of the project, if any, to be created must provide for space for a barrier between the project and the township. Mitigation Measures and Ecological Effect Analysis Report Once substitutes have been examined, a mitigation plan should be drawn up for the selected option and be supplemented with an Ecological Management Plan (EMP) to lead the proponent towards Ecological improvements. The EMP is an important input to monitoring the clearance conditions and therefore details of monitoring should be included in the EMP. An EIA report should provide clear information to the deciding committee on the different Ecological scenarios without the project, with the project and with project options. Unknown elements should be clearly reflected in the EIA report. The affected persons may include: Bona fide native natives; Native associations; Ecological groups active in the area and Any other person located at the project site(s) of disinterment They are to be given an opportunity to make oral/written suggestions to the State Pollution Control Board as per the rules and regulations given forth in the Notices. Monitoring the Clearance Conditions Monitoring should be done during both the construction and operations stages of a project. This is not only to ensure that the commitments made are complied with however also to observe whether the predictions made in the reports were correct or not. Where the Effect exceeds the predicted levels, corrective action should be taken. Monitoring will enable the regulatory agency to review the validity of predictions and the conditions of Execution of the Ecological Management Plan (EMP). Violations of Ecological Laws With reference to the Notice as given above, the following violations have taken site during the execution of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Project 1. Mockery of a Public Hearing As per the notifications issued vide the Central Ministry of Nature and Forests (MoEF), dated 27th January 1994, 4th May 1994 and 10th April 1997, under the Nature Protection Act (EPA), Public Hearing was mandatory in development projects such as the one in question. The Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) is responsible for holding such Public Hearings. This public hearing is not a mere formality. The native population is often more conversant with the native implications of a project than Govt. agencies and experts exercising their judgement from outside. Besides, in attempting to get through a attractive project, the agencies are known to turn a blind, even to obnoxious and harmful implications, and the hearing in a public court gives an opportunity, though limited, to highlight such consequences. In addition, public participation is an extremely crucial component of democratic governance and has to be treated seriously, and respected nationwide. Above all, the affected population has a right to be informed about any project, which is likely to influence its quality of life and Living. 2. Incomplete Ecological Effect Analysis According to a further Notice, the Effect Assessing Agency should prepare a set of recommendations based on the technical analysis of documents and data furnished by the project authorities of the factories and sites if started and details of the public hearing. Also, the notice issued above, for obtaining Ecological Clearance of projects, the applicant has to obtain a NOC from the State Pollution Control Board. The MPCB should issue this NOC only after completing the legal proceedings. In the case being discussed, the public hearing was not held in regard to (BWSLP), nor was the relevant documents etc. made available for inspection to the IPT panel or other NGOs and concerned natives. Therefore the panel concludes that the report is incompletely furnished before the eyes of the law. 3. Project assessment Report not Available for inspection or fault finding As per clauses of Nature and Forests (MoEF), whoever applies for Ecological Clearance of projects has to submit 20 sets of a summary of the salient features of the project and other relevant documents as prescribed, by the State Pollution Control Board so that the same can be made accessible to the concerned committee or agency in case a public hearing is conducted. The Mumbai city Ecological Action Group (BEAG) approached the MoEF for an opportunity to raise objections with regard to this project. MoEF agreed to give them the opportunity to justify their claims for rejection of the project. However, no particulars, maps, designs, layouts or other information was furnished to the BEAG. These factors prove that from the very beginning there has been a lack of transparency in the passing and Execution of the project before the eyes of law. 4. Proved negligence and Violations Due to Reclamation In the case of Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, The State of Maharashtra and the MMRDA gave a statement that no reclamation would be carried out in the Kurla Complex area and no mangrove in the Mithi Water body and its estuary would be disposed off. There has been a apparent dis-obeyance of the terms and the conditions of the Ecological clearance notifies that land reclamation should be kept to the minimum, at any cost to less than 4.7 hectares and the same should be monitored closely so that it does not violate the clauses of the CRZ Notice, 1991 or as amended subsequently. Mrs. Geeta Pardiwala a native of Shivaji Park deposed before the IPT saying that initially we were told that there would be only two pillars on the sea link, one at Bandra and the other at Worli. However now they are reclaiming more land, as it becomes cheaper for them to build the bridge. According to the 1994 Notice, any expansion of all existing or new projects requires that not only a fresh Ecological Effect Analysis is carried out however also fresh permission for the said project is sought and granted. This has definitely not been adhered to in the case of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link. The present project is based on the 1992 MMRDA report; however there are a number of contradictions to the original recommendations. The Ecological Effect Section has recommendations by scientist C. V. Kulkarni that no further reclamation be allowed on the Bandra side, to prevent siltation in the Mahim bay and the creek area. In project such as mentioned above, in case new quarries are to be opened, specific approvals from the competent authority should be obtained in this regard. This has been violated by the Mumbai city Suburban Collector who has issued the quarrying Permit. The quarry on site falls under a no development zone, Notified in development control regulation for Greater Mumbai city, 1991. Wherever fishing or other marine activities are getting affected, the concerned agency should be consulted and their concurrence obtained for the project in question. The fishermen affected by the project in question were neither consulted nor was their consent obtained. Mumbai city is geographically positioned to play host to creeks and shallow waters opposite headlands. In most of the areas, these creeks have been blocked. Mahim Creek is one of the few sites left where the waves can partially enter the area. However, the Effect on the marine ecology, flora and fauna, and the possibility of initiating erosion has not been studied. With Mahim creek getting shallower because of the process of siltation, there is a greater danger for coast like the Versova beach. The erosion here become a geological hazard, and has assumed alarming probabilities. The road network in Mumbai city is based on three north-south corridor routes and there are very few continuous east-west routes. Therefore, Movement of Vehicles is concentrated on a few routes that have become congested. Mumbai city road Movement of Vehicles has worsened by around four hundred percent in the last twenty years. It poses considerable health issues. The W. S. Atkins Report (1994) was commissioned by the MSRDC to research the feasibility of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link. The result of the report is based on a strategic transportation computer model based on cost and time of travel and calibrated for Mumbai city. Undesirability of the Project a) Effect due to Blockage of Mithi Water body The most insidious aspect of the link, that will endanger the life of every native person, is related to the outbreak of epidemics. Almost 800 million litres of sewage is discarded everyday in the Mahim Creek, besides the thousands of industries that release effluents that are located in Dharavi and upstream of the Mithi Water body. b) Financial Viability and Absence of Realistic Projections of Cost Recovery The generalized cost of travel for the Bandra-Worli Sea Link is taken as the sum of travel time cost, direct cost of travel and cost of discomfort. By considering only internal and direct costs borne by motorists, the project planners have not considered external and opportunity costs of the project c) Issues with the Planning and Execution of the Project It is not possible to accurately predict the behaviour of the sea using a research based on models. Also the date used is outdated and the subsequent development i.e. the EPA of 1986 and the CRZ Regulation of 1991 have not been considered. Further, the CWPRS report goes on to say that the construction of the bridge is not likely to create any adverse condition along the costs. However as we have seen, this is definitely not correct, and among other thing with regards to Livings, floods and mangroves the negative Effect is already being experienced Most experts agree that Socio-economic and financial instruments can help achieve sustainable development. Issues relating to transportation are so complexly mixed with other issues, such as agricultural land use and demographic and cultural trends that only a coherent set of policy measures will work. Obviously, policy recommendations must be made on a case-by case basis; however some generalized approaches can be suggested. Transportation policy strategies should consist of Socio-economic, institutional, technological, information and land-use reforms. A balanced strategy should set standards that can be used to achieve full-cost recovery, inform consumers, provide options for them and integrate social and urban planning. Conclusions It is understood from the above discussed report that not one, but several aspects of the Ecological Regulations of the country have been violated in the proceedings of this project. The project as is planned will only seek to eliminate the issue of vehicular pollution and Movement of Vehicles especially in the Worli-Haji Ali Area which is already severely congested due to lack of space. The most annoying part of the project is that in depth research using current data have not been used to estimate the Ecological Effect of the project on the sites coastline, mangrove forests and marine ecology, which till date remains a major flaw in the plan. Lastly as there has been no survey started to elicit how much the natives are willing to pay for the use of the bridge it should not end up being another white Elephant to the States exchequer.

Minority Group Status

A minority group refers to a subordinate group whereby the members do not have enough control over their lives and do not have power to effectively fight for their rights. A minority group is inferior and is usually dominated by the rest, who are usually the majority group. The minority group experiences rather few opportunities to pursue their goals since education, success and wealth is limited to them. Such opportunities are disproportionately very low when compared to their population within the society. (Feagin, 2000) Characteristics of Minority Group Status A minority group has a number of characteristics which distinguish them from the majority group. The characteristics make them stand out from the rest and become easily identifiable. One characteristic of the members of the minority group is that they have distinguishing cultural or physical traits, for example skin color (physical) and language (cultural). A good example is Blacks in countries which are largely dominated by Whites. Another characteristic is that they usually face unequal treatment and have less power and therefore are not in full control of what goes around them. Mostly, the members claim of receiving unfair treatment and are constantly discriminated against. (Peter & Trauttman, 2006) In extreme cases, the members may be denied their rights to access certain resources, for, example, having recreational facilities strictly for majority group and restricting the minority group from accessing them. The third characteristic is that the members do not belong to the minority group by choice. The membership is therefore involuntary and no one can be compelled to remain a member or give up the membership since it is through race, power or even law that a person finds himself or herself belonging to the minority group. The fourth characteristic is that there is usually a high degree of awareness of subordination as well as a strong sense of solidarity among the members. The last characteristic is that, the majority group is high characterized by in-group marriages due to their close association and collaboration. (Jacob, 2005) Different Ways in Which Groups Become Minorities There are various ways in which groups become minorities numerically and socially. Numerically the minority group is judged by virtue of being few in numbers, for example, racial whereby the members are classified on some obvious characteristics, such as skin color. These characteristics are visible. For instance, Racial minority groups in US; American Indian, Blacks, Hawaiians and Asian Americans. Socially, the minority group is judged on the basis of inferior culture, faith, or belief as in gender, ethnic and religion. (Jacob, 2005) Ethnically, the groups are classified on cultural basis, such as food and language. Ethnic Minority Groups in US include Latinos and Hispanics such as Puerto Ricans, Chicanos and Cubans. The Jews are also part of the cultural minorities. In terms of gender, males are usually the social majority and women are the social minority. In religion, the minorities are the members who do not have the same faith as the majority group. For instance, Muslims, Mormons, Roman Catholics and Amish are religious minorities in US. (Peter & Trauttman, 2006) Consequences of Minority Group Status Some of the consequences are pluralism, assimilation, fusion, segregation, secession, expulsion and extermination. In pluralism, this is whereby the minority and majority groups or individuals maintain their different identities, that is, Whites are represented by Whites and Blacks by Blacks. In assimilation, the minority group identifies with the majority group in terms of culture and consequently is absorbed by the dominant group. In fusion, the majority and minority group merge to create a new group. (Feagin, 2000) Their cultures and physical characteristics are synthesized without intermarrying. In segregation, these two groups are physically separated in terms of work place, residence and social functions. In secession, the minority group moves out to create a new nation or join an established nation, whereby it becomes dominant. In expulsion, the minority group may be forced to leave a certain region or even thrown out of the country by the dominant group. In, extermination, the minority group is wiped out through genocide or systematic, deliberate killing. (Feagin, 2000) Conclusion From the discussion above, the existence of minority group status is not healthy though it cannot be avoided. Many divisions result from such differences making it impossible for a certain group to pursue their common goals and encourage vices such as discrimination against tribe, gender and religion. (Peter & Trauttman, 2006) References Feagin, J. (2000) Racial and Ethnic Relations, Palgrave Publishers, US. Jacob, C. (2005) What is a Minority Group, Palgrave Publishers, UK. Peter, Z. & Trauttmann, C. (2006) Distinguishing between Minority and Majority Group,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fireside Press, Washington DC.   

My Space To Breathe

I have several Indian friends in the Los Angeles area, with whom I have shared good times and bad.   I have slept in their homes, and even been considered by their parents a genuine part of their families.   Yet I disliked the fact that Indian families can often act only the basis of emotions.   I blamed their emotionally charged natures on the Indian soap operas they watched day after day.   I disliked those Indian shows even though I had watched only two of them in my entire life.   Still, I knew that it was best not to feel negative emotions in myself. The Indian dramas that my friends’ families loved to watch daily were just slow motion pictures in my opinion.   Each moment of each drama focused on lethargic and unreal adventures in emotions.   Nothing went very far.   Crying; getting offensive about everything under the bright blue sky; and blaming one another were the themes of these shows.   I disliked them with all my heart.   And, whenever it was time for my friends’ families to watch those Indian shows, I found myself leaving their homes.   I was even uncomfortable leaving in those moments, given that my own negative emotions were obnoxious enough to seem to strangle me because I did not understand them at all. In order to understand these emotions, despite the fact that I loved my Indian â€Å"families,† I made an effort to watch â€Å"Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee† (2006) with my friends another time.   While watching the show this time, I was observant of my own reactions and feelings.   At the same time, I observed the others in the TV lounge watching the show with me.   Two of the aunts of my friend, Vijay, sobbed during the show.   I tried to suppress my own strange emotions at this point.   As luck would have it,  Vijay, his mom, and his dad started to laugh during the show soon after I had witnessed his sobbing aunts!   I relaxed there and then, and from that point on, the show was a breeze. Even though â€Å"Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee† lasts only thirty minutes each time, five days a week, I disliked it the first two times I watched it.   I had witnessed real sad emotional dramas in my Indian friends’ homes before I had watched the show, which was perhaps the main reason why I detested the emotion packed drama on television.   I believed that it was the TV drama that had taught my Indian friends to overreact to issues.   I also believed that this drama was a bad influence on me!   Obviously, I was being oversensitive at the same time as I blamed the drama for teaching oversensitivity to its viewers.   Besides, I was not thinking that it is the individual himself with the prerogative to allow conditioning of any sort.   Nobody can force us to be influenced by anything. Now I have stopped detesting the Indian shows that I previously could not digest.   I can stay in my friends’ homes as long as I please.   Apart from this, I have understood that my Indian â€Å"families† have a right to feel and believe whatever they do.   Choosing emotions over the intellect many a times is their choice and responsibility.   And if I love them, I must do so regardless of the different perspectives we have about dealing with ourselves and others.   While I imagine that I am granting my Indian friends this â€Å"space to breathe,† in actuality this space is mine to occupy.   I give up my negative emotions today – and for ever.   For sure, it was difficult to breathe in negativity. References Star Plus. (30 December 2006). â€Å"Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee.† TV Series.   

Bureaucracies essays

Bureaucracies essays Our country is full of them, but yet we do not even notice them at times. They are called bureaucracies. Systems of organization and control based on three principles: hierarchical authority, job specialization, and formalized rules. Sure there are the ones we know and think as being bureaucracies such as the government and the education system, but many people do not realize the organizations they belong to and the activities they do for fun are still bureaucracies. Such is the case with a baseball team. A baseball team has all the fundamentals of a bureaucracy. There is the hierarchical authority in the order of the head coach who has all of the power to direct and control the team. Everybody else involved with the team has to answer to the head coach. The head coach makes the policy, as Patterson would say. He appoints the assistant coaches and chooses which players to have on the team. The assistant coaches would come next in line. They have control over the players also but they have to answer to the head coach about what to teach. The assistants also play a role in choosing which players should be on the team, but ultimately the head coach makes the choice. The bottom of the hierarchical authority line is the player who must obey both the head coach and the assistant coaches. The job specialization is apparent on a baseball team. The players know their job is to play the game the way the coaches want them to. They are each specialized in the position they play on the field. The coaches teach them how play the way they want them to play. The assistant coaches have to be specialized in a certain area. (Ex.: outfield, infield, pitching, etc...) while all of this is going on the head coach has to decide how to teach and play the game as a whole. The head coach has to make the decisions on all of the different positions. He/she ultimately has control of the whole team and how it is run. ...

Rosalynn Carter Quotes

Rosalynn Carter Quotes Rosalynn Carter, US First Lady 1977-1981, was an active campaigner for her husband, and an advisor and consultant to him. She managed the family business during much of his political career. Her focus as First Lady was mental health reform. Selected Rosalynn Carter Quotations Do what you can to show you care about other people, and you will make our world a better place. If you doubt you can accomplish something, then you cant accomplish it. You have to have confidence in your ability, and then be tough enough to follow through. A leader takes people where they want to go. A great leader takes people where they dont necessarily want to go, but ought to be. Times of upheaval require not just more leadership but more leaders. People at all organizational levels, whether anointed or self-appointed, must be empowered to share leadership responsibilities. There is clearly much left to be done, and whatever else we are going to do, we had better get on with it. I think I am the person closest to the President of the United States, and if I can help him understand the countries of the world, then thats what I intend to do. I had already learned from more than a decade of political life that I was going to be criticized no matter what I did, so I might as well be criticized for something I wanted to do. Jimmy will let me assume as much responsibility as I will.... Jimmy has always said that we the children and myself can do anything. Jimmys sister Ruth was my best friend and she had a picture of him on the wall in her bedroom. I just thought he was the most handsome young man Id ever seen. One day I confessed to her that I wished she let me take that photograph home. Because I just thought I had fallen in love with Jimmy Carter. (About her husbands naval service when he was away at sea) I learned to be very independent. I could take care of myself and the baby and do things that I never dreamed I would be able to do alone. (About her role in the familys peanut and warehouse business) He asked me to come and keep the office. And I had a friend who had taught an accounting course in the vocational technical school and she gave me a set of accounting books. I began to study accounting. I began to keep the books. And it was not too long before I knew actually as much or more about the business on paper than he did. There was no way I could understand our defeat. I had to grieve over our loss before I could look to the future. Where could our lives possibly be as meaningful as they might have been in the White House? If we have not achieved our early dreams, we must either find new ones or see what we can salvage from the old. If we have accomplished what we set out to do in our youth, we need not weep like Alexander the Great that we have no more worlds to conquer. You must accept that you might fail; then, if you do your best and still dont win, at least you can be satisfied that youve tried. If you dont accept failure as a possibility, you dont set high goals, and you dont branch out, you dont try you dont take the risk. Dont worry about polls, but if you do, dont admit it. Informed journalists can have a significant impact on public understanding of mental health issues, as they shape debate and trends with the words and pictures they convey.... They influence their peers and stimulate discussion among the general public, and an informed public can reduce stigma and discrimination. There is nothing more important than a good, safe, secure home. (President Jimmy Carter about Rosalynn Carter) Theres very seldom a decision that I make that I dont discuss with either to tell her after the fact what Ive done, or, very frequently, to tell her my options and seek her advice.

Modern Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern Marketing - Essay Example More often than not, it is not the intrinsic quality of the product which appeals to the customers but the intangible aspects like brand and image. Having learned the essentials in promoting a specific product, I feel more confident in using it in my future career. The past lessons instilled in me the commitment of helping my business organization communicate its intended message to its customers. Now, I am more conscious and convinced of the fact that it is not just the advertisements and commercials which makes up a brand identity in the market. More importantly, it is how the whole company from the executives to the front line employees performs which make up the brand image. A good example of this is Ritz-Carlton Hotel whose employees embody excellent customer service by developing them to be "ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemen." In here, excellent service comes from the sales force-the staff-which directly interacts with the customers. The communication of the company's commitment to service excellence and the delivery of the "Ritz-Carlton experience" is through its staff dedication of fulfilling even the "e xpressed desire of the guests." In this highly modern world, the advancement of technology shapes how marke

Postcolonial Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Postcolonial Society - Essay Example Canning brought out peace allover India by dividing the territories into two. The East India Company ruled one and Indian princes who owed faith to the East India Company ruled the rest. The Indians who knew the antecedents of the East India Company were skeptical about the temporary peace. In 1857 during summer, British domination in India was shaken up by revolt of sepoy mutiny or the First war of Independence by Indian soldiers. The revolt of Indian soldiers in the year 1857 was radically a different that of other revolts taken place in the years 1806 at Vellore, Bengal in 1842 etc., The British soldiers were killed by the Indian soldiers and marched to Delhi in the year 1857. They declared Bahadur Shaw, Mogul Emperor as the Emperor of India in 1857. Bahadur Shaw issued a proclamations asking the people of India, Hindus and Muslims alike-to end the tyranny and oppression, the infidel and treacherous English the knowledge of English gained by Indian had helped them in communication and expedited the process of national integration amongst various communities and religious. The developing nations standard has to be accepted by one and all. Western countries were also once existed as colonies and developed as super powers. In the recent past all the veto power or there is a great brain drain from the third world to the western countries. Speaking of origin doesn't make a justifying statement here. Post colonialism The publication of new papers in Indian languages and English was very few. Lawyers and patriots mainly held the publication of Indian News papers. The newspapers published in Calcutta covering the incidents and occurrence in various places used to reach villages and other places after gap of many number of days that to often duly censor by the Government Agency. The British Government had provided good educational facilities by imparting English language that helped the Indian to communicate with other countries to liberate Indian from the British. The English language has become to day an important weapon in the field of media, communication and in the scenario of modern development in Electronics, computers and web technology. "Historians have long acknowledged that the so- called European age in modern history began to yield place to other regional and global configurations toward the middle of the twentieth century."1 In the modern society due to advancement of technology in the fields of electronics, communication, Radio, TV, communication satellites, the media is now able to transmit or send news and messages within a very short time. The people are now in position to see, read and talk directly to the other side through videoconferences. Messages can be sent through e-mails to anywhere within five seconds once it set in motion. The worldwide computer network is the backbone of IT revolution. This network was able to work when special cables, and telephone lines and wireless measures are installed for quick delivery of information from one place to the other irrespective of distance. Today, the media can acquire any form of information in digital format. Modern techniques allow powerful ways and us to use images in media very effectively. The image information is useful in medical treatment also. The media is able to get even geographical information systems through remote sensing and image processing helps them to find out details of very small remote